Sibling, grandparent and maternity testing.
Where the alleged father cannot or will not test, a relationship can often still be established through the relatives who are available.
What can be tested.
Full and half sibling testing
Establishes whether two people share one parent or both. Most useful where the father is deceased, absent or unwilling.
Grandparentage testing
A child compared against one or both paternal grandparents, commonly used for estate, benefit and immigration matters.
Aunt and uncle testing
Avuncular testing and extended family comparisons where closer relatives are not available.
Mother and child
Confirms a biological mother and child — for adoption, immigration, birth-record and inheritance questions.
Worth knowing before you book.
These give a likelihood, not a yes or no
A direct paternity test compares the two people in question. A kinship test infers the relationship from relatives, so the laboratory reports a probability. Including the mother, where she is available, strengthens it considerably.
Available as personal or legal
The same choice applies here as anywhere: for your own knowledge, or with the full custody record if a court or agency will rely on it.
Describe the family situation.
Tell us who is available to test and we will tell you what can be established.